A DRIVER VEHICLE INSPECTION REPORT or DVIR, is a formal record confirming that a driver has completed an inspection on a commercial motor vehicle.

Inspections are carried out at:

1. the beginning of the day (pre-trip inspection)
2. before work begins
3. at the end of the day when driving is finished (post-trip inspection).

Vehicle inspections are an important part of a truck driver’s daily routine and they are essential to keeping vehicles in good condition, while ensuring road safety and fleet compliance.

 

Key Facts About Vehicle Inspections

1. Vehicle Inspections (DVIRs) are a legal requirement in Canada and the United States.
2. Carriers must keep DVIRs on-site for three months from the date the report is submitted.
3. If a commercial vehicle fails an inspection, it can be removed immediately from the roads until the repair is complete. An out-of-service truck can cost a carrier $861 on average, not including any fines or repairs.
4. In the USA alone, more than 3.5 million roadside safety inspections are conducted annually (FMCSA).
5. Almost 15 trucks or buses are inspected every minute in North America during the annual International Roadcheck.
6. FMCSA estimates that commercial vehicle roadside inspections and programs prevented 9,000 injuries and 14,000 crashes.

 

DVIR Heavy Vehicles

Before getting behind the wheel, drivers must make sure that a circle check of their vehicle was completed within the previous 24 hours.

In Québec, this measure took effect on November 20, 2016.

The DVIR (circle check) is a sight and sound inspection of the accessible components of a vehicle that makes it possible to:

• detect defects as early as possible
• quickly notify the owner and operator of any defects detected
• prevent the vehicle from being operated when its condition poses a risk of an accident or a breakdown

 

Vehicles subject to a DVIR

• Vehicles with a gross vehicle weight rating (GVWR) of 4,500 kg or more
  • Ambulances
  • Cement mixers
  • Tank trucks
  • Fire trucks
  • Straight-body trucks
  • Snow removal trucks
  • Vans
  • Pickup trucks
  • Tow trucks
  • Semi-trailers
  • Road tractors
  • Emergency response vehicles
  • Equipment transport vehicles (compressors, well drills, concrete pumps, cranes mounted on a truck chassis)
• Combinations of road vehicles that include at least one vehicle with a GVWR of 4,500 kg or more
  For example:
  • A pickup truck with a GVWR of less than 4,500 hitched to a trailer or semi-trailer with a GVWR of 4,500 kg or more
  • A pickup truck with a GVWR of 4,500 kg or more hitched to a trailer or semi-trailer with a GVWR of less than 4,500 kg
  • A pickup truck with a GVWR of 4,500 kg or more hitched to a trailer or semi-trailer with a GVWR of 4,500 kg or more (each vehicle in the combination has a GVWR of 4,500 kg or more)
• Buses, minibuses and tow trucks (regardless of GVWR)
  For example:
  • Motor coaches
  • Minibuses
  • School buses
  • Paratransit minibuses
  • City buses
  • Tow trucks (all types)
• Road vehicles with a GVWR of less than 4,500 kg transporting dangerous substances and requiring the display of safety marks

 

Vehicles Exempt from the Circle Check

• Tool vehicles
  • Graders
  • Loaders
  • Back hoes
• Heavy vehicles required by an emergency service or in the event of a disaster
• Farm tractors
• Farm machinery (e.g. combine-harvesters)
• Farm trailers (e.g. a hay trailer owned by a farmer and used for farming purposes)
• Heavy vehicles used by a natural person for personal ends, i.e. other than for commercial or professional purposes (e.g. a truck used to move household belongings)
• Straight-body trucks with two or three axles used to:
  • transport unprocessed farm, forest or fishery products, provided the driver is also the producer
  • making a return trip, provided the truck is either empty or used to transport products used for farming, forestry or fishery purposes

 

Driver’s Responsibilities

Before getting behind the wheel, drivers must make sure that a DVIR (circle check) of the vehicle was completed within the previous 24 hours.

The vehicle DVIR (circle check) can be performed by the driver or another person designated by the operator. In the latter case, the operator is accountable for the DVIR (circle check) and the driver can choose to either accept or refuse it.

• If the driver accepts the report, he or she makes sure that the DVIR (circle check) is valid (completed within the previous 24 hours) and co-signs the report to acknowledge it. Accepting the report does not render the driver accountable for the DVIR (circle check), but the driver must keep the report up to date and record any defects observed during the trip.
• If the driver refuses the report, he or she must carry out a new circle check.

BUSES, MINIBUSES, TOW TRUCKS AND EMERGENCY VEHICLES

In addition to the rule described above, a driver can co-sign the circle check report completed by the previous driver, even if the latter person is not a person designated by the operator to carry out the circle check.

• If the driver accepts the report, he or she makes sure that the circle check is valid (completed within the previous 24 hours) and co-signs the report to acknowledge it. Accepting the report then renders the driver accountable for the circle check carried out by the previous driver, as it was not carried out by a person designated by the operator. The driver must also keep the report up to date and record any defects observed during the trip.
• If the driver refuses the report, he or she must carry out a new circle check.

 

Principal Components to Inspect During a Circle Check

1. Coupling devices
2. Frame and cargo body
3. Heater/defroster
4. Driver controls
5. Steering
6. Windshield wiper/washer
7. Emergency equipment
8. Headlights and lights
9. Tires
10. Doors and other exits
11. Glass and mirrors
12. Wheels, hubs and fasteners
13. Seats
14. Suspension
15. Fuel system
16. Exhaust system
17. Electric brake system
18. Hydraulic brake system
19. Air brake system
20. Passenger transportation items

 

DVIR Report

The person who carries out the circle check must fill out the report and record his or her observations.

The report must contain the following information:

• the vehicle’s license plate number or the unit number found on the registration certificate
• the operator’s name
• the date and time at which the circle check was performed
• the municipality or location on the road where the circle check was performed
• any defects noted during the trip
• any defects noted during the circle check (if no defect was noted, this must be indicated as well)
• the name of the person who performed the circle check (printed legibly)
• a declaration, signed by the driver or the person designated to perform the circle check, attesting that the vehicle was inspected in accordance with applicable requirements
• if the driver did not personally perform the circle check, his or signature to attest that he or she read the report and accepted it
• the odometer reading.

 

Lists of Defects

The list of defects is a checklist that enumerates the components to inspect and the defects that can be detected on a vehicle. It is used to determine whether defects noted during a circle check are minor or major.

There are three lists of defects that must be used during the circle check.

• List 1: Heavy vehicles, other than those covered by lists 2 and 3
• List 2: Buses (other than motor coaches), minibuses and trailers hauled by a bus, minibus or motor coach
• List 3: Motor coaches exclusively

Important: A new specific inspection of the mechanical condition of motor coaches has been implemented. For more information, visit the Specific Inspection of the Mechanical Condition of Motor Coaches page.

IF A DEFECT IS DETECTED

All persons concerned have a duty to intervene when a vehicle’s mechanical condition presents anomalies. Anomalies that pose an immediate or short-term risk to road safety are considered major or minor defects.

MINOR DEFECTS

A minor defect does not pose an immediate threat to the safety of the driver or other road users, but can deteriorate quickly in certain cases. A vehicle with a minor defect is prohibited from being operated if repairs are not performed and declared compliant by a road vehicle inspection agent within 48 hours.

MAJOR DEFECTS

A major defect poses an immediate threat to the safety of the driver and other road users. A vehicle with a major defect is prohibited from being operated.

For complete information about minor and major mechanical defects, refer to the Mechanical Inspection Guide (PDF, 12.3 MB)This file does not meet Web accessibility standards..

Operator’s Responsabilities

Operators must make sure:

• a circle check report is placed on board every vehicle
• the designated person carries out the circle check
• the driver keeps the circle check report on board the vehicle
• they sign the circle check report if there is a defect
• they immediately notify the owner of any defect
• they send the owner a copy of the circle check report

Keeping the Circle Check Report

For every heavy vehicle, operators must keep a copy of the circle check documents for at least 6 months.

Owner’s Responsabilities

Owners are required to:

• maintain their vehicles in good condition
• correct any reported defects
  • minor defect: the owner has 48 hours to have any necessary repairs made in order maintain the right to operate the vehicle
  • major defect: the vehicle is prohibited from being operated until the necessary repairs have been made
• obtain the circle check reports from the operator

Keeping the Circle Check Report

For every heavy vehicle, operators must keep:

• a copy of the circle check documents for at least 6 months
• any documents attesting to the repair of defects for at least 12 months